Catalog

Specialist with good IT knowledge, building and managing physiological databases, and producing software for treatment and diagnostic equipment. The Big Data revolution is happening in healthcare nowadays, providing scientists with a priceless opportunity to quickly collect and analyze vast amounts of information. This means that a good medical database manager will never find himself without a job.

Specialist in planning, designing and creating closed-cycle technologies involving genetically modified organisms and microorganisms. This type of professional will be irreplaceable in sustainable cities, as they will be able to calculate the required capacity of bioreactors, design urban farms, and elaborate waste recycling systems.

Specialist in design and computer graphics, material science, strength of materials, machine parts, and electric appliances; capable of spatial thinking, understanding human anatomy and physiology, and is familiar with biocompatibility of materials and devices, and is an expert in medical and technical safety.

Designer of new cities based on environmentally-friendly biotechnologies, specializing in construction, power engineering and environment pollution control. The job is already on offer, with high-tech green cities being designed and constructed in Malaysia, China, the United Arab Emirates, India, South Korea, and European countries.

Specialist in designing custom biocompounds and replacing synthetic compounds with biocompounds. A number of important medicines, e.g. penicillin and insulin, are already produced using genetically modified bacteria.

Conducts primary and scheduled genetic analysis in a diagnostic center, processes data from diagnostic devices, and provides an opinion and further treatment recommendations. Genetic analysis allows for the identification of cancer markers, diagnosis of hereditary diseases, determination of the specifics of a patient’s metabolism and study of diseases caused by bacterial infections. The most popular genetic screening service is provided by U.S. company 23andMe. Commercial genome studies are conducted in Russia as well (although they are more expensive), for example, by companies such as Genoanalytica and Gene Family Health.

A specialist who creates ready-made IT solutions from prebuilt templates using a graphical user interface instead of classical programming. He works with databases, design, app integrations and automation of processes. One such professional can replace a team of IT specialists. Zerocoders are already creating mobile and web applications, automating processes and integrating with AI. That's why Innopolis University added zerocoding to the list of its master's programs. According to the US company Grand View Research, by 2027 the volume of the global market for zerocode development will reach 87 billion dollars.

Specialist designing robotic devices for manufacturing (for painting, welding, packing and stamping jobs), industrial logistic devices, e.g. loaders, transporters, manipulators, and robotic systems consisting of those devices, such as “lights-out” factories. Vacancies in the specialty are already appearing on HeadHunter.

Designs various layers of augmented reality around an area, taking into account its landscape, as well as historical and cultural context. For example, this specialist can create several options for Red Square: Ivan the Terrible era, 1917, stilyagi, etc. The designer will have to combine the skills of designer and programmer with good historical knowledge.

Specialist engaged in developing and implementing recycling technologies, creating new materials from industrial waste, and developing waste-free production processes. Russia is only beginning to master the technologies of lean and sustainable production actively used in the West. For example, young designer Victor Monserrate invented the recycling bicycle, a machine that turns plastic waste into a thread that can be used to produce furniture. New Zealander Daniel McLaughlin found out that rug producers wasted about 7% of wool, and launched a “biowool” production line using wool waste and biorubber as raw materials.

Specialist who replaces traditional materials with composites in construction, mechanical engineering, robotics, medicine, etc.This professional will design advanced materials depending on the requirements of consumer industries regarding frost resistance, fragility, durability, hypoallergenic properties, etc.

Specialist analyzing potential system failures, designing the most efficient operation modes, and ensuring the designed safety of power grids and waste disposal. Familiar with non-destructive control methods and smart grid commissioning.

Professional tasked with designing and programming household robots (e.g. babysitter, cleaner, washer, gardener, dog walker, etc.), which will help run the house. These robots are integrated with other components of a smart home and can move around and perform complex household work.

Professional engaged in controlling and servicing robotic systems, including in complex and dangerous facilities and in dealing with hard-to-reach or microscopic objects. The job is already on offer. General director of the Chebarkul Milk Factory, who announced a transition to automated production in 2014, made this comment: “We have a lot of work done manually now, but when we have had the production lines automated, we will need people to maintain the equipment”.

Develops software for unmanned vehicles and traffic management systems; controls smart management systems. Various solutions exist today to monitor complex shipments, though shipments are managed by people. The future will require automated traffic management systems.

Designs intermodal hubs (systems for changing between modes of transportation), calculates their cargo and passenger capacity, wear resistance, and evaluates their growth potential. Such specialists already exist in Russia as well as in the West, however, the increasing load on the transport infrastructure and growth of passenger and cargo traffic will boost demand for them significantly in the future.

Specialist tasked with dealing with the lower levels of information infrastructure, ensuring the security of dedicated network segments at these levels (residential buildings and industrial facilities will presumably be separated from the Internet, to form their own secure segments connected to the common network via secure low-level connections).

Advisor on the information security of Internet users.Compiles the current information image of a client based on all of the information about them available on the Internet.Audits the client’s activities on the Internet for weak spots, confidentiality and general security. At the client’s request, eliminates weak spots, edits (or deletes) the user’s information on the Internet, and shapes the information image of the client.

Specialist in software development. Audits complex IT systems processing data and making decisions based on such data. Errors in, or breach of, such systems pose high risks.Provides audits of such systems for the security of their software, including the process of its development and qualifications of the developer.

Specialist in communications with end users of IT products and promotion of new solutions to groups having a conservative attitude towards advanced technology.The IT preacher will teach people to use new software and services to reduce the digital gap.Activities aimed at training people in “digital literacy” are offered today, usually on a voluntary basis, but this will become a real job in the near future.

This professional develops user-friendly, adaptive and safe interfaces for equipment, devices and software of various levels.He/she is highly competent in usability (creating interfaces most comfortable for the user).The interface designer is an existing and popular job, with 2,015 vacancies published in July 2014, according to HeadHunter.However, the growing intensity of human-machine interaction will require greater numbers of such specialists, while their skills will need further development to be able to achieve new objectives.

Qualified specialist for a wide spectrum of operations involving data processing systems.In particular, this specialist designs databases, develops action algorithms, ensures effective access of users to data storages, controls the quality and logic of information storage and extraction.Such specialists are already in demand (65 vacancies were published in the specialty in July 2014, according to HeadHunter), and even more of them will be needed in the future, when information technology has penetrated all areas of human activity.

Specialist in designing systems for collecting and processing large arrays of data received from the Internet, and developing analytical models and interfaces for assembling them. There are open vacancies in the specialty in Russia, though demand is not very high yet.

<p> Специалист по фармацевтике высоких энергий — разрабатывает радиофармацевтические препараты, используемые для медицинской диагностики и радионуклидной терапии. Радиофармпрепараты предназначены для медико-биологических исследований, радиоизотопной диагностики и лечения различных заболеваний, главным образом для лучевой терапии. Эта профессия существует уже достаточно давно, но в ней все еще есть дефицит кадров, кроме того, радиофармацевтические технологии постоянно развиваются, так что это перспективная область работы. </p>

<p> Таргетный нанотехнолог — разработчик способов доставки лекарственных средств, обеспечивающих прицельное попадание в определенные ткани и клетки. Некоторые лекарства от рака, созданные с использованием наночастиц (абраксан и доксил), уже одобрены в США, и по всему миру ведутся соответствующие разработки. </p>

<p> Генный инженер — специалист, который занимается программированием генома под заданные параметры. Речь может идти как о геноме человека (например, для лечения наследственных заболеваний), так и, например, о геноме бактерий (чтобы они производили биологические молекулы, используемые как лекарства, например рекомбинантный инсулин). </p>

<p> Специалист по трансляционной медицине — профессионал, который занимается организацией передачи результатов исследований в практическое здравоохранение. Сейчас в среднем на разработку и внедрение одного лекарства требуется около 10–15 лет — это означает, что многие люди продолжают годами страдать от болезней, когда решение уже найдено. Специалист по трансляционной медицине ищет способы ускорить путь от разработки нового перспективного лекарства до его попадания на рынок, например, за счет компьютерного моделирования и высокотехнологичных лабораторных исследований. </p>

<p> Клинический биоинформатик — специалист, который в случае нестандартного течения болезни строит математическую модель на основе больших данных, чтобы анализировать разные биохимические процессы. Это может быть анализ генетической информации или нарушений в организме при протекании того или иного заболевания.Эта профессия уже существует в России и существуют программы обучения в различных вузах, но запрос на таких специалистов будет расти. </p>

Проектировщик инфраструктуры захоронения радиоактивных отходов — строит карту максимально безопасных зон для захоронения, продумывает способы упаковки радиоактивных отходов, логистику их доставки и обеспечение безопасности захоронений.

Ядерный селекционер — специалист, работающий на стыке физики, биологии и генетики, который использует ядерные технологии в селекции (для ускоренной контролируемой мутации растений и генетического анализа у сельскохозяйственных животных).

Изотопный аналитик — использует методы анализа стабильных изотопов для решения различных экологических и агропромышленных задач.

Проектировщик электрозаправок — специалист, который занимается проектированием инфраструктуры для зарядки электромобилей. Пока что подобная сеть в России наиболее развита в Москве, где есть около 100 заправочных станций.

Разработчик ПО в энергетике— ИТ-профессионал, который занимается архитектурой и созданием программного обеспечения для цифровых подстанций и комплексов. Стремительный переход к цифровым решениям в отрасли потребует большого количества таких профессионалов.

ИТ-энергетик — специалист, занимающийся обслуживанием цифровых комплексов и цифровых подстанций. Современное оборудование упрощает эксплуатацию, однако предъявляет требования к владению новыми компетенциями в области ИТ.

Специалист по кибербезопасности и эксплуатации умных домов — задачей такого профессионала является контроль за функционированием умных домов, отслеживание возможных киберугроз и своевременное реагирование. Такой специалист является программистом, профессионалом в области защиты информации и сетей, однако должен представлять себе конструкцию умного дома, особенности его устройства и функционирования как физического объекта.

Проектировщик инфраструктуры умного дома — занимается проектированием, установкой и настройкой интеллектуальной системы управления домашним хозяйством (например, бытовая техника, системы безопасности, энергоснабжения, водоснабжения и др.). «Умные дома» появляются уже сейчас, но данная профессия вряд ли станет популярной ранее чем через 7–10 лет.

BIM-менеджер-проектировщик —специалист, работающий над полным жизненным циклом объекта. BIM-моделирование (Building Information Modeling, информационное моделирование здания) предполагает сбор и комплексную обработку в процессе проектирования всей архитектурно-конструкторской, технологической, экономической и иной информации о здании со всеми ее взаимосвязями и зависимостями, когда здание и все, что имеет к нему отношение, рассматриваются как единый объект. Цифровые модели домов будут входить в постоянно обновляемый электронный «слепок» города, разработанный архитектором цифровых моделей.

Архитектор энергоэффективных домов — специалист, занимающийся проектированием энергетически автономных домов, преимущественно или полностью обеспечивающих себя за счет микрогенерации энергии (альтернативные источники энергии, тригенерация – использование сразу электричества, тепла и холода) и использования энергосберегающих материалов и конструкций. Энергосберегающие технологии начали использоваться в нашей области еще с 2016 года (утепление фасадов новыми материалами, датчики движения и приборы учета тепла), но все еще стоит задача их повсеместного внедрения и усовершенствования.

Архитектор живых систем— специалист по планированию, проектированию и созданию технологий замкнутого цикла с участием генетически модифицированных организмов и микроорганизмов. Такой профессионал будет незаменим в автономных городах – он сможет рассчитать необходимую мощность биореакторов, разработает проекты городских ферм и тщательно продумает систему переработки мусора.

Экоурбанист — создает проекты городских пространств на основе экологических биотехнологий; специализируется в областях строительства, энергетики и контроля загрязнения среды. Он может как помогать строить новые города, так и разрабатывать программы улучшения уже существующих. Высокотехнологичные «зеленые города» проектируют и строят в Малайзии, Китае, Арабских Эмиратах, Индии, Южной Корее и странах Европы. Старые города постепенно реорганизуются, становясь более экологичными. Например, немецкий город Фрайбург, основанный в 1120 году, планирует к 2046 году перейти на полное энергетическое самообеспечение за счет альтернативной энергетики. Первый экогород в России, Новое Ступино, строится в Подмосковье.

Координатор городской инфраструктуры — специалист, который контролирует разные уровни городской инфраструктуры и взаимодействие между ними, вмешиваясь при необходимости. Много работает с ИТ, к нему приходят все информационные потоки из цифровой модели города. По мере автоматизации систем инфраструктуры его роль будет все больше сводиться к экстренному реагированию.

Архитектор цифровой модели города— специалист, который разрабатывает и усовершенствует цифровую модель города, включающую разные уровни инфраструктуры (освещение, отопление, водо- и газопроводы, транспортную систему, общественные и культурные пространства, дизайн, экологию, доступность и т. д.). Работает в команде со специалистами из разных отраслей.

Разработчик турнавигаторов— ИТ-специалист, создающий программы и приложения, позволяющие пользователю сориентироваться на определенном маршруте в контексте его интересов, вкусов, планов и текущих культурных событий. Подобные приложения подбирают пользователю тематические маршруты или авторские экскурсии.

Мобильный ветеринар— ветеринар, который работает на аутсорсе и при необходимости выезжает в небольшие фермерские хозяйства или консультирует онлайн, дистанционно получая информацию о состоянии животных с датчиков биологической обратной связи.

Проектировщик взаимодействия роботов— специалист, который проектирует алгоритмы взаимодействия между роботами. Он способен разложить задачу, невыполнимую для одного робота, на отдельные задачи для разных роботов так, чтобы в сумме получился желаемый результат.

Разработчик «искусственных мускулов» для роботов— специалист, который ищет и при необходимости создает новые материалы и технологические решения для приводных устройств, обеспечивающих движения роботов («искусственных мускулов»), стремясь к уменьшению размеров, массы и энергоемкости.

Разработчик экзоскелетов— специалист, который проектирует экзоскелеты, то есть киберустройства, которые увеличивают силу мышц человека и амплитуду его движений за счет эффективного копирования биомеханики мышц. В 2014 году молодые ученые из обнинского Института атомной энергетики НИЯУ МИФИ создали работающий на пневматике экзоскелет, который стал первым в России «гражданским» вариантом среди подобных разработок. Его можно использовать, например, при разборе завалов и для реабилитации пациентов после травм.

Проектировщик коботов— специалист, который проектирует системы, в которых человек работает в коллаборации с роботом. Его задача — «состыковать» возможности человека и машины и оптимально распределить между ними различные функции для решения производственных задач, а также обеспечить безопасность человека в присутствии робота. Варианты взаимодействия могут быть разными — например, робот может в основном работать сам, но останавливаться или ограничивать амплитуду движений, заметив поблизости человека. Или работать в непосредственном физическом контакте — например, если надо совершить очень точные и скоординированные действия (координация — преимущество человека) с очень тяжелым объектом (сила — преимущество робота).

Преподаватель цифровой этики и безопасности. Разрабатывает программы для обучения экологичному и осознанному поведению в социальных сетях, консультирует детей в проблемных ситуациях (например, шантаж или кибербуллинг).

Технолог-материаловед по обработке композитов — занимается лазерной, пучковой, радиационной обработкой и отверждением композитных материалов и материалов фотоники.

Специалист по созданию библиотек CAD/CAE — создает библиотеки для работы с новыми композитными материалами в системах цифрового проектирования. Сочетает навыки конструктора композитов и углубленное знание программирования.

Разработчик оборудования для работы с композитными материалами— специалист, создающий высокоточное автоматическое оборудование (3D-принтеры, роботизированные системы и т .д.). Этим оборудованием будут пользоваться в дальнейшем все специалисты отрасли.

Координатор беспилотного транспорта — специалист, который контролирует и «подстраховывает» беспилотный транспорт, включаясь в работу там, где возникают какие-то проблемы. В случае необходимости он корректирует данные и перенаправляет беспилотник.

Оператор-аналитик транспортных решений — специалист, который, получая информацию от различных путей сообщения, формирует и собирает общую транспортную карту, используя различные ИИ-решения. Такой специалист должен одновременно ориентироваться в разных транспортных сетях, уметь работать с большими данными и иметь развитые коммуникативные навыки, чтобы при случае разрешать кризисные ситуации.

Специалист по верификации данных — специалист, разрабатывающий и применяющий алгоритмы верификации данных по запросу клиента с использованием блокчейна. Поскольку безопасность данных становится одной из важнейших задач в отрасли, прикладные системы, обеспечивающие надежное и достоверное хранение и передачу данных, будут очень востребованы.

Специалист по машинному обучению. Строго говоря, это уже не новая профессия, услугами таких специалистов уже пользуются «Яндекс», ABBYY и другие ИТ-компании. Но поскольку таких специалистов не хватает рынку и они еще долго будут востребованы, мы включили ее в список. Специалист по машинному обучению составляет алгоритмы, по которым компьютер анализирует полученную информацию, делает выводы и использует их в дальнейших решениях. Специалист по глубокому машинному обучению конструирует самообучаемые искусственные нейросети, способные на более гибкое решение задач. Для этого надо подготовить данные, на которых программа будет учиться, отобрать методы анализа и управлять ходом обучения. Профессия требует как навыков программирования, так и знания математической статистики и матанализа.

This specialist ensures the continuity of business processes in case of any problems or IT system failures at a facility caused by cyber attacks, software errors, man-made disasters affecting Internet connection, or other emergencies.

Specialist engaged in developing gadgets for the additional security of the user in an emergency. The job requires a smooth combination of common sense and imagination, as self-protection issues may be approached from different directions. For example, Armstar has designed the protective sleeve BodyGuard, equipped with a camera, alarm device, and an electric shocker. It will help the wearer protect himself, while designed to not inflict lethal wounds on a perpetrator. South Korea has invented an even milder option, i.e. a jacket equipped with mini cameras. In case of an assault, it takes photos of the attacker and publishes photos in the Internet, so that the criminal will not be able to conceal his identity.

Specialist tasked with assessing and designing the life of a person in terms of all possible risks (from genetic disposition to specific diseases to the chance of becoming a crime victim) and their prevention. The specialist may be hired as a staff consultant or to provide one-time services, e.g. if a client is going on a business trip to a dangerous region.

Engineer who deals with time-delayed disasters, which people become aware of gradually, e.g. pollution around large industrial centres, the Pacific plastic dump, the thawing permafrost, radioactive dumps, etc. The engineer is tasked with designing and implementing plans to mitigate such disasters and prevent them from happening again. Aside from the usual environmental problems, such as global warming and deforestation, new threats are emerging, which humankind became concerned with only recently. For example, a large garbage patch was discovered in the Pacific Ocean in 1997. Because of oceanic currents, an area, which, according to various estimates, takes up between 0.7 and 15 million square kilometres, is littered with over 100 million tons of garbage. Most of the garbage consists of fine pieces of plastic that may be toxic and are eaten by fish or jellyfish. To handle such types of threats, we need highly qualified specialists able to make decisions under uncertainty.

Operator of advanced automated robotic security systems.Responsible for monitoring their condition via sensors and surveillance cameras and dispatching an immediate response team to a facility if needed. The occupation is an evolution of the security guard job and will be eventually completely replaced with automated security systems.

Specialist in assessing the state of security at an existing facility and monitoring all types of threats such as mechanical damage, fire, environmental threats, cyber attacks, etc.

Specialist tasked with creating “information landscapes” for tourists, taking into account the realities of the region, types of consumers, and currently popular trends in the travel industry. Whereas a brand manager performs the function of a creative director, a territory architect is a designer looking for specific and detailed solutions for particular tasks.

Specialist in managing hotel robots. Hotels already use robots in the U.S.A., China, Japan and other countries. Although mechanical doorkeepers, housekeepers and couriers have been doing a good job, a human is still needed to look after them. Such an attendant should be a highly organized specialist with multitasking skills, familiar with mechanics, and have experience in dealing with artificial intelligence.

Designs various layers of augmented reality around an area, taking into account its landscape, as well as historical and cultural context. For example, this specialist can create several options for Red Square: Ivan the Terrible era, 1917, stilyagi, etc. The designer will have to combine the skills of designer and programmer with good historical knowledge.

IT expert engaged in developing software and applications helping users find their way on a particular itinerary based on their interests, tastes, plans and ongoing cultural events.

Specialist in creating automated ticket booking, navigation and hotel booking systems. Founders of travel agencies, such as AviaSales.Ru, are already capitalizing on the design of unique search algorithms. Demand for simple, convenient and cheap solutions in the area will only increase. In addition, more and more attention will be paid to the personalization and creation of individual itineraries.

Creates concepts for virtual worlds: philosophy, laws of nature and society, social interaction and economic standards, landscape, architecture, sensations (including smells and sounds), animals, and a social world.

Specialist in designing solutions for work, studies, and leisure in virtual reality.Develops software and hardware based on the biological and psychological parameters of the user (including custom orders).

Responsible for shaping a general worldview according to which, the media streams he/she controls will be created. This specialist controls content selectors that generate information streams for users within a given worldview, and performs high-level tuning of media robots. (A similar function in society is performed by “culture sommeliers” from Victor Pelevin’s S.N.U.F.F.).

This specialist works in cooperation with psychologists, linguists and engineers to create software tools for finding, processing and distributing information on the Internet (search engines, semantic analyzers, aggregators, robots, writing).

Professional who selects information and a manner of presentation to match the requirements of a particular user. Today, the stream of content is offered to a user as a selection of recommended information products, based on geotargeting, the user’s search queries, or user interests which were specified in the user’s social network profile. This is done mostly externally, by an algorithm that someone created for their own purposes. In the future, people wishing to generate such a stream for themselves and by themselves will create demand for similar algorithms, which they will make themselves or order from relevant specialists.

Manages information channels and selects content matching users’ expectations by adjusting search engines, aggregators and processors of information. The profession already exists in digital media. However, demand for it will grow together with the expansion of individual mass media. Eventually, the specialty will turn into a versatile competency.

Compiles personal request files (e.g. children with cancer or lonely elderly people) and links people seeking help with charity givers, who provide aid in various forms (money, in-kind contributions, keeping company, etc.). For example, the popular blogger, doctor and philanthropist Elizaveta Glinka (aka Doctor Lisa) posts on her Livejournal reports of her own Fair Aid fund, as well as information about other projects and people in need of help.

Professional engaged in teaching national language and culture, including via online platforms. Russian language schools for migrants are already opening in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, including those for their children, functioning within ordinary schools. The government promised to open the first online school for foreigners in 2015.

Specialist who helps people with disabilities lead a full life by training them in skills required for remote employment, helping them select a job, and organizing their work and leisure (e.g. by finding relevant online communities, communication platforms, training courses, etc.).

Manages a crowd sourcing platform to collect information on problems in families, households, districts, roads, parks, and other public spaces, etc., and relays such requests to government authorities or non-profit organizations, while tracking their execution. For example, Russia has had the Democrator initiative for several years now. The project is an electronic platform for communication between citizens and authorities, organizations, parties and social movements. The service is moderated by a team of professional lawyers helping users file official requests to various agencies and achieve results.

Specialist who works in offline companies, develops Internet-based promotion mechanisms for products, organizesmarketing campaigns on the Internet, supports own online stores, or works with partners to improve service for customers (e.g. promptness of delivery). The specialty can already be considered developed in Russia, with 260 vacancies published in July 2014, according to Career.ru. Still, demand for the profession is expected to grow.

Professional tasked with organizing online user communities, supporting the dialogue with company product designers to develop a product line, and maintaining their loyalty (e.g. arranging contests, etc.).

Specialist “trading” in the working hours of freelancer specialists, i.e.managing people’s employment in the open market.The job will disappear in a longer-term perspective, due to the emergence of automated solutions.Technological advance is eliminating the need for permanent presence in an office.Moreover, a specialist with linguistic skills can even serve clients in foreign countries.At the same time, both freelancers and employers are lacking intermediaries, as recruiting agencies are still focused on full-time vacancies, while contractor search websites (such as Freelancer.ru) are not very convenient.Therefore, demand for time brokers will grow in the near future.

Professional who organizes traditional, merit and alternative currency exchange systems. Online services exist already, where you can exchange bitcoins for Webmoney or transfer them to a common bank account in your own currency (e.g. 24change.com or alfacashier.com). Governments are still wary of these types of financial transactions, as unconventional money flows are harder to control. The process, however, is in full swing now: according to 2014 data, global bitcoin turnover was evaluated at roughly $11 billion, with the first virtual currency ATMs having appeared already.

Specialist in determining the value of intangible assets, such as ideas, business models, inventions, tangible and social technologies, etc.The job already exists in Russia, with the demand for relevant professionals exceeding the supply.According to HeadHunter, there were only 2 resumes for 14 vacancies in July 2014.

Professional who designs interfaces compatible with the human nervous system, for controlling computers and household and industrial robots, taking into account the psychological and physiological traits of the user. Today, neural interfaces are used mostly for entertainment. For example, the Australian company Emotiv Epoc produces neural helmets for controlling characters in MMORPGs. In the future, however, neural interfaces will be used to control various sophisticated devices, or even to communicate nonverbally with other people (as in the DARPA Silent Talk system now in development).

Specialist tasked with dealing with the lower levels of information infrastructure, ensuring the security of dedicated network segments at these levels (residential buildings and industrial facilities will presumably be separated from the Internet, to form their own secure segments connected to the common network via secure low-level connections).

Specialist in the information security of technological processes at automated industrial facilities. This supervisor ensures the security, protection and stable operation of process management systems and information processing, with a focus on tracking the emergence of new weak spots.

Advisor on the information security of Internet users.Compiles the current information image of a client based on all of the information about them available on the Internet.Audits the client’s activities on the Internet for weak spots, confidentiality and general security. At the client’s request, eliminates weak spots, edits (or deletes) the user’s information on the Internet, and shapes the information image of the client.

Specialist investigating cyber crimes.Specialist in criminal science, investigation (modern detective), search (including active search through officially sanctioned cyber attacks against suspects) and processing of information on the Internet (data analyst with programing skills).Cyber detectives have, in fact, been around for some time now, and demand for them will only grow in the future.

Specialist in software development. Audits complex IT systems processing data and making decisions based on such data. Errors in, or breach of, such systems pose high risks.Provides audits of such systems for the security of their software, including the process of its development and qualifications of the developer.

Specialist in designing systems for collecting and processing large arrays of data received from the Internet, and developing analytical models and interfaces for assembling them. There are open vacancies in the specialty in Russia, though demand is not very high yet.

Professional who develops linguistic systems for semantic translation (translation taking into account context and shades of meaning) and text information processing (including semantic search on the Internet). He/she also develops new communication interfaces between man and computer using natural languages.

Specialist in communications with end users of IT products and promotion of new solutions to groups having a conservative attitude towards advanced technology.The IT preacher will teach people to use new software and services to reduce the digital gap.Activities aimed at training people in “digital literacy” are offered today, usually on a voluntary basis, but this will become a real job in the near future.

This professional develops user-friendly, adaptive and safe interfaces for equipment, devices and software of various levels.He/she is highly competent in usability (creating interfaces most comfortable for the user).The interface designer is an existing and popular job, with 2,015 vacancies published in July 2014, according to HeadHunter.However, the growing intensity of human-machine interaction will require greater numbers of such specialists, while their skills will need further development to be able to achieve new objectives.

Qualified specialist for a wide spectrum of operations involving data processing systems.In particular, this specialist designs databases, develops action algorithms, ensures effective access of users to data storages, controls the quality and logic of information storage and extraction.Such specialists are already in demand (65 vacancies were published in the specialty in July 2014, according to HeadHunter), and even more of them will be needed in the future, when information technology has penetrated all areas of human activity.

Creates programmes and equipment (e.g. biofeedback devices) to train users in entering productive states of consciousness (high focus, relaxation, increased creative abilities, etc.). For example, Wild Divine sells devices and software to teach users concentration, relaxation and awareness. There are also biofeedback devices, developed specially for lucid dreaming.

Professional in building an educational “route” for new specialists, made up of courses provided by educational institutions, including online programmes, as well as trainers, simulators, internships, etc. Based on those, he/she develops an educational track, taking into account the psychological type, abilities, and goals of a particular person.

Specialist who develops programmes for training personal cognitive skills (e.g. memory, concentration, reading speed, mental mathematics, etc.) using special programmes and devices, taking into account the psyche and purposes of the user. Such programmes exist already, for example, the Mind Fitness Training Institute in Virginia offers all those willing a seven-day course to train their cognitive skills, while Lumosity has developed over 40 online cognitive training games.

This professional has experience in launching their own startup projects, supervising new startup teams, teaching them business skills on case examples from his or her own projects.In the West, the mentor is a developed specialty, whereas in Russia it is just beginning to grow popular due to the poor condition of small business.Nevertheless, business incubators and accelerators (e.g.the HSE business incubator, Skolkovo Startup Academy, and the venture academy LaunchGurus) already have their own mentorship programmes.Independent specialists’ services are also in demand.

Specialist in an educational institution or independent educational project with competences in online teaching, supporting the development of online courses on particular subjects or disciplines; organizing and promoting specific courses or standard academic pathways.The coordinator moderates communication between teachers and students within courses or platforms and defines requirements for platform improvements.Some Russian universities have established entire divisions in charge of these functions.For example, MIPT has the Laboratory of Innovative Educational Techniques, and the Higher School of Economics has the Educational Environment Development Centre.This has allowed the universities to develop their own online courses for the Coursera platform.Russian online platforms, such as Universarium and Eduson, are also developing.

IT specialist tasked with translating the designer’s clothing sketches into instructions for a robot or 3D printer. In the future, users will be able to use them to print their own clothes, or have them made by an automated tailor shop.

Specialist engaged in designing new synthetic fabrics and materials with preset properties (e.g. LED or shape memory fabrics).

Specialist at the crossroads of design and IT, combining clothes with wearable gadgets as decorations or for specific purposes. For example, there are hug shirts, equipped with special sensors: if you hug yourself, they transmit this information to a smartphone, and a person with the “twin” shirt will feel your virtual hug.

Specialist developing software for designing 3D clothes, patterns, and virtual fitting rooms.

Professional tasked with designing and programming household robots (e.g. babysitter, cleaner, washer, gardener, dog walker, etc.), which will help run the house. These robots are integrated with other components of a smart home and can move around and perform complex household work.

Professional designing biocompatible robotic systems and devices for medicine and biotechnology (e.g. robot surgeons, diagnostic robots, robotic prostheses, etc.).

Specialist who designs control systems for industrial and combat robots based on neural interfaces, enabling control by distributed teams as well as individual operators.

Professional involved in designing children’s toys, games, gadgets and various mechanical commodities based on programmable robots, taking into account the mental and physiological specifics of young age.

Specialist engaged in selecting composite materials to manufacture parts, mechanisms and joints for robotic devices with preset properties, not without the use of 3D printing.

Specialist tasked with designing robotic systems taking into account the user’s ergonomic requirements, based on their physical and mental abilities.

Professional engaged in controlling and servicing robotic systems, including in complex and dangerous facilities and in dealing with hard-to-reach or microscopic objects. The job is already on offer. General director of the Chebarkul Milk Factory, who announced a transition to automated production in 2014, made this comment: “We have a lot of work done manually now, but when we have had the production lines automated, we will need people to maintain the equipment”.

Specialist designing robotic devices for manufacturing (for painting, welding, packing and stamping jobs), industrial logistic devices, e.g.loaders, transporters, manipulators, and robotic systems consisting of those devices, such as “lights-out” factories.Vacancies in the specialty are already appearing on HeadHunter.

Specialist in charge of the safety of workers in the industry, end product users, and the environment.Develops programmes enabling a quick reaction to the negative impact of production and application of nanoproducts.

Professional responsible for designing composite materials within smart environments, which change their properties according to given tasks in a home, office, or industrial facility.

Specialist engaged in developing and implementing recycling technologies, creating new materials from industrial waste, and developing waste-free production processes. Russia is only beginning to master the technologies of lean and sustainable production actively used in the West. For example, young designer Victor Monserrate invented the recycling bicycle, a machine that turns plastic waste into a thread that can be used to produce furniture. New Zealander Daniel McLaughlin found out that rug producers wasted about 7% of wool, and launched a “biowool” production line using wool waste and biorubber as raw materials.

Professional engaged in modelling the properties and forecasting the life cycle of nanomaterials with the use of digital models. This designer is a highly qualified programmer with a good knowledge of nanophysics and nanochemistry.

Engineers advanced equipment for producing metals with a high degree of readiness (powders, alloys), using processes at the intersection of different sciences (biometallurgy, etc.).

Specialist engaged in designing alloys with preset or variable properties (changing based on operating conditions).

Specialist with competences in mechatronics and engineering, operating and servicing high-tech equipment throughout its life cycle.

Professional who controls the process of field development and exploration of new fields using unmanned aircraft equipped with magnetometers and other geophysical sensors. Such drones are already used on the Yukon plateau in Canada to explore new fields.

Services and manages automated systems for monitoring, development, production and processing of mineral resources (including remote ones). The specialty is already in demand in Russia, with 98 vacancies published in July 2014, according to HeadHunter.

Specialist in environmental threat analysis, environment protection during resource extraction and recovery activities in a given territory in the closing stages of resource extraction.

Professional services the near-Earth transportation network and is responsible for designing traffic corridors (orbital flights as well as transcontinental flights along ballistic trajectories) and synchronizing launches on Earth (in case of more frequent launches and a manifold increase in the number of orbital objects).

Specialist engaged in exploring and mining mineral resources on the Moon and asteroids.

Maintains life support systems in extreme conditions.

This specialist studies the behaviour of various biological systems (from viruses to animals and humans) in space (structures, spacecraft, planet bases); studies the physiology and genetic changes of organisms; develops stable space ecosystems for orbital stations, Moon bases and lengthy journeys.

Specialist in designing space structures (stations, satellites, etc.) based on reconstruction and disposal needs. Demand for the profession will arise in the coming years, in connection with more intensive exploitation of near-Earth space and resumption of plans to colonize the Moon and Mars.

Professional in designing software for air traffic control over traffic-intensive cities and regions (in case of a significant growth of unmanned and general aviation, with sharply increased loads on the airspace and a shift toward flexible traffic management).

Specialist designing airfields, hangars, maintenance depots and navigation infrastructure components for airships. Airships can be used to deliver cargoes and passengers to places that are hard to reach due to poor transport infrastructure. For example, the Russian-based Amur Minerals Corporation is considering a possibility of heavy equipment delivery by airships to a road construction site. The road will cost around $150 million.

Professional who designs interfaces and software packages for unmanned aircraft control; responsible for programming and operating the support, navigation and safety systems of unmanned aircraft.

Specialist tasked with designing airship models according to their applications (cargo/passenger) and aeronautical conditions.

Professional in processing data and preparing expert opinions based on the monitoring of the aircraft and surrounding area.

Specialist designing and modelling affordable aircraft of various complexity for general aviation. Appropriate engineers are already available, but the growth of general aviation (e.g. in the Far East) is predicted to raise demand for them.

Professional who develops and implements technologies to increase the resilience of shoreline structures and vessels to different threats (natural, anthropogenic). Training in the specialty is already provided (System Technology of Marine Infrastructure), although a significant upgrade of technologies (in particular, increased environmental requirements and intelligent water transport management systems) will change job requirements.

Specialist monitoring and controlling the environmental characteristics of the port, vessels and the surrounding space (port waters, air and adjacent territories, with all the plants and animals inhabiting them). Develops software to restore the environment of the port and surrounding waters.Western universities are already deploying their own education programmes on port water systems (e.g. the ecosystem of Boston Harbour is described in detail on the University of Massachusetts website).

Develops software for unmanned vehicles and traffic management systems; controls smart management systems. Various solutions exist today to monitor complex shipments, though shipments are managed by people. The future will require automated traffic management systems.

Professional analyzing and monitoring information, environmental and technological threats to transportation networks. Unlike traffic safety experts, these engineers analyze and prevent problems connected with the functioning of whole transportation networks. With the increasing speed of data transmission, demand is growing for faster movement and higher speed of transportation, which means more stringent requirements for network infrastructure and safety.

Manages the servicing of robotic transportations networks and configuration of computer software for robotic mechanisms and vehicles, primarily unmanned.

Professional selecting and installing adaptive road surfaces, marking and road signs with radio frequency identification, surveillance systems, and road condition sensors.

Specialist who designs structures (frame, lining, parts) made of composite materials with a preset weight, durability, wear resistance, etc. Composite materials are already used in different types of transport, while experts are actively looking for new applications. In particular, in autumn of 2014, the Composites Applications in Industry: Rail Sector Opportunities conference was held in Great Britain.

Professional that designs tracks, junctions and stations for high-speed railway systems, taking into account regional and climatic specifics. Specialists of this type are already being trained in western countries. In particular, Michigan Technological University offers courses in this field.

Specialist tasked with designing and modelling smart grids, micro generation systems, and smart power environments for various purposes; develops technological and infrastructural requirements to systems throughout their life cycle. Provides solutions for the same task as the designer of power consuming systems, but on the end of power supply. There are foreign companies that provide the service (e.g. Siemens offers the SureGrid service, enabling real-time power consumption control within a specific building).

Specialist analyzing potential system failures, designing the most efficient operation modes, and ensuring the designed safety of power grids and waste disposal. Familiar with non-destructive control methods and smart grid commissioning.

Designer of mobile/wearable power generation systems. Creates personal items (including clothes and footwear) with micro generation capabilities. Already, there are street clothing items equipped with solar batteries, such as the Ecotech jacket created by Italian company Zegna Sport.

Specialist in generation facility operation management based on weather conditions, predicting power generation levels depending on long-term forecasts. Steps are already being taken to prepare the ground for the new job. For example, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) bases its predictions regarding loads on generation facilities on long-term weather forecasts.

Develops, implements and maintains small power generation systems (wind solar, bio-, nuclear micro generators, etc.). The main reasons behind the development of micro generation today are the growth of environmental consciousness and reduction of consumer spending. Western countries have already recognized the job, with the trend expected to reach Russia soon. The job will be posted by owners of country houses and vertical farm designers.

Specialist involved in designing various energy storage systems: high-capacity batteries, heat accumulators, flywheels, etc., enabling energy storage for redistribution in smart grids between peaks and troughs. Efficient power generation is only half of the job’s success, as solutions need to be developed for its efficient utilization and storage. For example, recuperative braking systems used in electric cars charge the battery, but excess energy is wasted. An energy storage device designer must bear this in mind. Major energy storage device projects are already underway. For example, in September 2014, Germany launched Europe’s first 5 MW storage station. Its main purpose is to stabilize the electricity supply in case of uneven load in the grid. It is able to manage the task much faster and more effectively than heat power plants, which are traditionally used for this purpose.

Specialist in technological solutions for capturing the excess energy of moving vehicles, especially when braking, e.g. automobiles, metro trains, or electricity-driven mass transit vehicles. Energy recuperation is not a revolutionary field: rail transport, trams and trolleybuses already use recuperative braking systems. The technology will remain popular for a long time to come, and demand for specialists able to build such systems will increase.

Specialist in the development and design of advanced technological solutions for micro generation, tailored to user needs. Micro generation is developing intensively around the world, including Russia. However, in frequent cases, standard solutions cannot be adopted due to specific reasons, such as climatic conditions, requiring specialized systems meeting any types of requirements.

Specialist engaged in the design of sustainable buildings, fully self-sufficient in terms of power thanks to microgeneration technology (alternative energy sources, trigeneration, i.e. using three energy sources at once: electricity, heat and cold), and utilization of energy-saving materials and structures.

Determines the degree of wear and tear of structures and buildings, selects solutions (including the use of advanced materials) for their renovation and reinforcement. The specialty is especially popular in the reconstruction of historical city centers.

Highly qualified specialist ensuring the competitive performance of products and cost-efficient operation of agricultural companies; adjusting operations of an enterprise to suit the needs and requirements of the market. Responsible for managing a firm’s economic risks. While a few schools do provide training in the specialty, demand for it still exceeds supply on the job market.

Specialist managing automated machinery at a farm: sensor systems, drones, and farmbots.

Specialist in outfitting and maintaining agro-industrial facilities in skyscrapers and on their rooftops in big cities. Vertical farms are sustainable and eco-friendly structures enabling crop and animal farming within city limits. They are also on the agenda of the near future. The first commercial vertical farm was built in Singapore in 2012. Skyscraper farms are now planned in South Korea, China, UAE, USA, France, and other countries.

Highly qualified specialist in the implementation of new technologies, engaged in computerization and automation of agricultural facilities.

Highly qualified diagnostician, familiar with information and communication technologies, able to determine a diagnosis online. Focused on provisional diagnosis and prevention. These specialists may be involved in remote mass preventive medical check-ups, or provide support for data centers processing information from personal diagnostic devices and health portals. Online medical services are already a reality, and very soon doctors will be able to receive various data about a patient’s health from wearable gadgets. Remote diagnoses will become more accurate, and instead of unconvincing online consultations conducted in a Q&A form, we will receive top-class services provided by well-trained specialists.

Studies the genetic record of a patient to develop tailored treatment plans (diagnosis, prevention, treatment) and offer respective medical insurance products. A logical continuation of the shift towards a tailored approach to treatment. Strong genetic analysis and forecasting capabilities will enable the prevention of many diseases before they require treatment, while awareness of specific risks will help to devise a customized insurance plan.

Professional developing the technological process and selecting materials and conditions for the formation of a particular tissue or organ. The results of his work will be used by the transplantology surgeon.

Develops artificial functional devices (robotic prostheses) and organs compatible with live tissues. This area is growing fast: implanted electric muscle stimulators are being developed for paralyzed patients; an implant appeared recently that functions as a natural eye; limb prostheses perform more and more complex functions. While prostheses and implants are most likely to be designed by dedicated specialists, actual implantation surgeries will be performed by re-trained surgeons, otorhinolaryngologists and ophthalmologists.

Specialist in genome programming to predetermined parameters. Gene therapy (alteration of the human genetic apparatus to fight diseases) has been growing at an incredible pace in the past decade. While the method is mostly tested on animals, there have been cases of successful application of gene therapy on human patients. For example, in 2014, Great Britain announced that 6 patients suffering from choroideremia (hereditary genetic disease, still incurable and causes blindness) experienced eyesight improvement through the course of gene therapy. This is, however, only the first step. The next step is to modify the genome. There has already been an experiment to change two monkey genes.

Designs structure models and selects the best sets of components for their printing; supports the house printing process.

Specialist involved in the entire life cycle of a project. Building Information Modeling(BIM) is the gathering and comprehensive processing of all architectural, constructional, technological, economic, and other data about the building, with all relations between them, in a design that treats the building and everything related to it as a single object.

Construction specialist using digital structure designs. Can use image recognition systems to evaluate the construction progress and adjust the process based on the data analysis.

Specialist in the design, installation and adjustment of smart home management systems (e.g. appliances, security systems, electricity and water supply systems, etc.). Smart homes are appearing already. However, the job is not likely to become popular until seven to ten years from now.

Specialist in programming diagnostic, treatment and surgery robots. Robotic surgery began to develop as early as the 1980s. The most widely known robot surgeon, Da VincI, is already used worldwide in various surgeries, from mitral valve reconstruction to spinal surgery. According to 2013 data, there are around 2,000 surgical systems of this kind in the world now.

In case of unusual development of a disease, builds a computer simulation of the biochemical processes of the disease to understand its root cause (discovers irregularities at the cellular and subcellular level). The specialty has been around in the western countries for a few years and is aimed at making the fullest possible use of the entire load of accumulated information (genetic, biological and medical), to develop a personalized approach for a specific patient. Translational medicine is practiced in Russia as well, with experts predicting great numbers of jobs in the industry.